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Meiosis II Mind Map for NEET Biology | Step-by-Step Revision Notes

Meiosis II Mind Map for NEET Biology | Step-by-Step Revision Notes  

Neat diagram of Meiosis II mind map showing Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II and four haploid daughter cells formation.
Simple mind map of Meiosis II showing all stages from Prophase II to formation of 4 haploid cells.

- Dr.Sanjaykumar Pawar 

🌿 MEIOSIS II (Second Meiotic Division)

👉 Meiosis II starts immediately after Meiosis I, without long gap.
👉 It is similar to mitosis (but produces haploid cells).

🔬 1. Prophase II

  • Meiosis II begins just after cytokinesis of Meiosis I.
  • Chromosomes may not fully elongate before starting again.
  • Each cell is now haploid (n).
  • Chromosomes become short, thick, and visible again (condense).
  • Nuclear membrane breaks down by end of prophase II.
  • Spindle fibers start forming.

👉 Key point:
✔ Chromosomes re-condense
✔ Nuclear membrane disappears
✔ Spindle starts forming

📍 2. Metaphase II

  • Chromosomes arrange themselves at the equator (middle line) of the cell.
  • Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.
  • Spindle fibers from opposite poles attach to kinetochores of each chromatid.

👉 Key point:
✔ Chromosomes at equator
✔ Spindle attaches to sister chromatids
✔ Like mitosis metaphase

✂️ 3. Anaphase II

  • Centromere splits suddenly.
  • Sister chromatids separate (now called daughter chromosomes).
  • They are pulled to opposite poles.
  • Movement happens due to shortening of spindle microtubules.

👉 Key point:
✔ Centromere splits
✔ Sister chromatids separate
✔ Move to opposite poles

🧬 4. Telophase II

  • Chromosomes reach opposite poles.
  • They begin to decondense (become thin again).
  • Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes.
  • Spindle disappears.
  • Cytokinesis occurs (division of cytoplasm).

👉 Result: ➡️ Formation of 4 haploid daughter cells (tetrad)

🌱 FINAL RESULT OF MEIOSIS II

  • 1 diploid cell (after Meiosis I) → becomes
  • 4 haploid cells after Meiosis II

⭐ SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS (VERY IMPORTANT FOR NEET)

  • Maintains constant chromosome number in species across generations.
  • Prevents doubling of chromosomes every generation.
  • Produces haploid gametes (sperm/egg).
  • Creates genetic variation (very important for evolution).
  • Variation helps organisms adapt and survive.

🧠 QUICK REVISION TABLE

Stage Main Event
Prophase II Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks
Metaphase II Chromosomes align at equator
Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate
Telophase II 4 haploid cells formed

🌿 MEIOSIS II – QUESTION BANK (CBSE CLASS 11)

✅ 1. MCQs (1 mark each)

Q1. Meiosis II is similar to: A) Meiosis I
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Amitosis
✔ Answer: B) Mitosis

Q2. Separation of sister chromatids occurs in: A) Prophase II
B) Metaphase II
C) Anaphase II
D) Telophase II
✔ Answer: C) Anaphase II

Q3. Number of cells formed at end of Meiosis II: A) 2 diploid
B) 4 haploid
C) 2 haploid
D) 4 diploid
✔ Answer: B) 4 haploid

Q4. Chromosomes align at equator in: A) Prophase II
B) Metaphase II
C) Anaphase II
D) Telophase II
✔ Answer: B) Metaphase II

Q5. Nuclear membrane reappears in: A) Prophase II
B) Metaphase II
C) Anaphase II
D) Telophase II
✔ Answer: D) Telophase II

✍️ 2. Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)

Q1. What is the ploidy of cells after Meiosis II?
✔ Answer: Haploid (n)

Q2. What structure attaches spindle fibers to chromosomes?
✔ Answer: Kinetochore

Q3. Name the stage where centromere splits.
✔ Answer: Anaphase II

Q4. How many daughter cells are formed in Meiosis II?
✔ Answer: Four

Q5. What type of division is Meiosis II similar to?
✔ Answer: Mitosis

🧾 3. Short Answer Questions (2–3 marks)

Q1. Describe Metaphase II.
✔ Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.
✔ Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores of sister chromatids.
✔ Each chromatid faces opposite poles.

Q2. What happens in Anaphase II?
✔ Centromeres split.
✔ Sister chromatids separate.
✔ They move to opposite poles due to spindle shortening.

Q3. What is the significance of Meiosis II?
✔ Formation of haploid gametes.
✔ Maintains chromosome number.
✔ Ensures genetic variation.

📘 4. Long Answer Questions (5 marks)

Q1. Explain all stages of Meiosis II.
✔ Prophase II: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle forms.
✔ Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at equator, spindle attaches to kinetochores.
✔ Anaphase II: Centromere splits, sister chromatids separate.
✔ Telophase II: Nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes decondense, cytokinesis occurs → 4 haploid cells formed.

Q2. Explain significance of Meiosis.
✔ Maintains chromosome number across generations.
✔ Reduces diploid to haploid in gametes.
✔ Produces genetic variation.
✔ Variation leads to evolution and adaptation.
✔ Ensures sexual reproduction continuity.

⚖️ 5. Assertion and Reason

Q1. Assertion (A): Meiosis II is similar to mitosis.
Reason (R): It involves separation of sister chromatids.

✔ Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of A.

Q2. Assertion (A): Meiosis produces four diploid cells.
Reason (R): Chromosome number doubles during division.

✔ Answer: A is false, R is false.

Q3. Assertion (A): Genetic variation occurs in meiosis.
Reason (R): Crossing over occurs in Meiosis II.

✔ Answer: A is true, R is false (crossing over occurs in Prophase I).

🧩 6. Fill in the Blanks

Q1. Meiosis II produces ______ haploid cells.
✔ Answer: Four

Q2. Spindle fibers attach to ______ during metaphase II.
✔ Answer: Kinetochores

Q3. Sister chromatids separate in ______.
✔ Answer: Anaphase II

Q4. Nuclear membrane reforms in ______.
✔ Answer: Telophase II

Q5. Meiosis II is similar to ______.
✔ Answer: Mitosis

🧪 7. Case Study Based Question

A cell undergoes Meiosis I and then immediately enters Meiosis II. During one stage, chromosomes align at the equator and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

Q1. Identify the stage.
✔ Metaphase II

Q2. What happens next?
✔ Sister chromatids separate during Anaphase II.

Q3. Final outcome of this division?
✔ Four haploid daughter cells.

Q4. Why is this division important?
✔ It maintains chromosome number and creates genetic variation.

📢 8. Statement-Based Questions

Q1. Statement 1: Meiosis II reduces chromosome number.
Statement 2: It separates sister chromatids.

✔ Answer: Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.

Q2. Statement 1: Nuclear membrane disappears in Prophase II.
Statement 2: Chromosomes align at equator in Telophase II.

✔ Answer: Statement 1 true, Statement 2 false.

🔗 9. Match the Column

Column A Column B
Prophase II Nuclear membrane disappears
Metaphase II Chromosomes at equator
Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate
Telophase II Nuclear membrane reforms

✔ Answers:

  • Prophase II → Nuclear membrane disappears
  • Metaphase II → Chromosomes at equator
  • Anaphase II → Sister chromatids separate
  • Telophase II → Nuclear membrane reforms

 INTERNAL LINKS

/biology/cell-division

/neet-notes/meiosis-i-vs-meiosis-ii

/biology/haploid-diploid-concept

/neet-biology/reproduction-in-organisms

/biology/chromosome-structure

/neet-mcqs/meiosis-practice-questions

Meiosis II Mind Map

MEIOSIS II - Mind Map (Plain Text Tree)

MEIOSIS II
│
├── Prophase II
│   ├─ Starts immediately after Meiosis I
│   ├─ Chromosomes condense again
│   ├─ Nuclear membrane disappears
│   └─ Spindle fibers form
│
├── Metaphase II
│   ├─ Chromosomes align at equator
│   ├─ Each has two sister chromatids
│   └─ Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores
│
├── Anaphase II
│   ├─ Centromere splits
│   ├─ Sister chromatids separate
│   └─ Move to opposite poles
│
└── Telophase II
    ├─ Chromosomes reach poles
    ├─ Nuclear membrane reforms
    ├─ Chromosomes decondense
    └─ Cytokinesis occurs
        └─ 4 haploid daughter cells formed


SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS
│
├── Maintains chromosome number across generations
├── Produces haploid gametes
├── Introduces genetic variation
└── Supports evolution
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