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  Centrosome and Centrioles NEET Notes: 9×3 Arrangement Explained  Structure of centrosome and centriole showing the characteristic 9×3+0 microtubule arrangement and cartwheel organization. - Dr.Sanjaykumar Pawar  Centrosome and Centrioles  Centrosome Centrosome is a cell organelle present mainly in animal cells . It is located near the nucleus . A centrosome usually contains two centrioles . The two centrioles are surrounded by a protein-rich material called pericentriolar material (PCM) . The centrosome acts as the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) of the cell. It helps in the formation of spindle fibres during cell division. Structure of Centrioles Centrioles are cylindrical structures . The two centrioles in a centrosome are arranged perpendicular (90°) to each other . Each centriole shows a cartwheel-like arrangement . A centriole is made up of nine peripheral fibrils . These fibrils are composed of tubulin protein . Each peripheral fibri...

  Cilia vs Flagella: Easy NEET Biology Notes with Diagram & Mind Map  Structure of cilia and flagella showing the 9+2 microtubule arrangement and basal body in a eukaryotic cell. - Dr. Sanjay Kumar Pawar  Cilia and Flagella – Basic Idea Cilia and flagella are hair-like structures present on the surface of the cell. They are extensions of the cell membrane . Cilia Cilia are short and numerous hair-like structures . They move in a coordinated, oar-like motion (like rowing a boat). Function: Help in movement of the cell (e.g., Paramecium). Or move fluid/particles around the cell (e.g., in respiratory tract). Flagella Flagella are long, whip-like structures . Usually present in fewer numbers (1 or 2 per cell) . Function: Responsible for movement of the whole cell (e.g., sperm cell). Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Flagella Prokaryotic flagella (bacteria) : Structurally different from eukaryotic flagella. Eukaryotic fla...

  Cytoskeleton – Easy Notes for NEET  Cytoskeleton structure showing microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments inside a cell. - Dr.Sanjaykumar Pawar  Definition Cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres present in the cytoplasm of a cell. It forms the internal framework or "skeleton" of the cell. It is made up of filamentous (thread-like) protein structures. Components of Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton consists of three main types of fibres: Microtubules Long, hollow, tube-like structures. Made of the protein tubulin . Help in cell division and movement of cell organelles. Microfilaments Thin, solid fibres. Made of the protein actin . Help in cell movement and change in cell shape. Intermediate Filaments Fibres of intermediate thickness. Provide strength and stability to the cell. Help the cell resist mechanical stress. Location Present throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Forms a supporting network inside th...