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  Small Molecular Weight Organic Compounds in Living Tissues (NEET Biology Notes) Biomolecules in Living Tissues: Complete NEET study chart covering carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, DNA and RNA. Chapter: Biomolecules -Dr.Sanjaykumar Pawar  Introduction Living organisms are made up of different types of organic molecules . These molecules are called biomolecules because they are essential for life. The four major groups of biomolecules are: Carbohydrates (Sugars) Proteins (Amino acids) Lipids (Fats and Oils) Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA building blocks) These molecules perform different functions such as providing energy, building body tissues, storing food, and carrying genetic information. 1. Carbohydrates (Sugars) What are carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in living organisms. They are made up of three elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) General formula: (CH₂O)ₙ Examples shown in the figure (A) Glucose Molecular Formula: C₆...

  Chemical Reactions and Enzymes – Easy Line-by-Line Notes (NEET Beginner Level) Chemical reactions and enzymes explained with simple diagrams for CBSE Class 11 Biology students. 1. What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a process in which old chemical bonds break and new bonds are formed . As a result, new substances (products) are produced. Example: Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2H₂O NEET Point: Chemical reaction = Breaking + Formation of bonds . 2. Types of Changes in Chemical Compounds A. Physical Change Only the shape, size, or state changes. No chemical bonds are broken or formed. No new substance is produced. Examples Ice → Water Water → Water vapour Cutting paper Breaking glass Remember: Physical change = No new substance. B. Chemical Change Old bonds break and new bonds form. A new substance is produced. This process is called a chemical reaction . Examples Burning wood Rusting of iron Digestion of food Hydrolysis of starc...

  Prokaryotic Cells Explained for NEET | Easy Biology Notes Labeled diagram of a prokaryotic cell showing nucleoid, plasmids, cell wall, and mesosome structure for NEET revision. - Dr.Sanjaykumar Pawar  1. Prokaryotes have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane except in Mycoplasma. Most prokaryotic cells (bacteria) have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane. The cell wall gives shape and protection . Exception: does not have a cell wall. NEET Point: Mycoplasma is the smallest living cell and lacks a cell wall. 2. The semi-fluid matrix filling the cell is the cytoplasm. The inside of the cell contains a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm . It contains enzymes, nutrients, ribosomes, and other materials. Many metabolic activities occur here. 3. There is no well-defined nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus. Their genetic material is not enclosed inside a nuclear membrane. NEET Point: Prokaryotes have a nucleoid , not a true nucle...

  Mechanism of Hormone Action – Easy NEET Notes Introduction Hormones regulate different physiological activities of the body. Based on their chemical nature, hormones are divided into four groups. Types of Hormones 1. Peptide / Polypeptide / Protein Hormones Examples Insulin Glucagon Pituitary hormones Hypothalamic hormones Important Features Made up of amino acids. Water soluble. Cannot pass through cell membrane. Act through membrane-bound receptors. NEET Point These hormones use second messengers like: cAMP IP₃ Ca²⁺ 2. Steroid Hormones Examples Cortisol Testosterone Estradiol Progesterone Important Features Lipid soluble. Can easily pass through plasma membrane. Receptors are inside the cell. NEET Point They directly influence: Gene expression Protein synthesis 3. Iodothyronines (Thyroid Hormones) Examples T₃ (Triiodothyronine) T₄ (Thyroxine) Important Features Derived from amino acid tyrosine. Regulate metabolism and ...