Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination
Easy NEET Notes (Line by Line Explanation)
Introduction
Our body has many organs like heart, lungs, kidneys, muscles etc.
All these organs must work together properly. This is called coordination.
What is Coordination?
Definition
Coordination means:
- Two or more organs work together
- They help each other perform functions properly
- It maintains balance inside body (homeostasis)
Homeostasis
- Maintenance of constant internal environment
- Example:
- Normal body temperature
- Normal blood pressure
- Proper oxygen level
Example of Coordination During Exercise
When we do physical exercise:
Step 1: Muscle activity increases
- Muscles need more energy
Step 2: Oxygen demand increases
- More oxygen is required to produce energy
Step 3: Respiration rate increases
- Lungs work faster
- Breathing rate increases
Step 4: Heartbeat increases
- Heart pumps blood faster
Step 5: Blood flow increases
- Blood vessels supply more oxygen to muscles
After Exercise Stops
When exercise ends:
- Activity of nerves becomes normal
- Lungs return to normal breathing
- Heartbeat becomes normal
- Kidneys return to normal function
This shows that all organs coordinate with each other.
Organs Involved in Coordination
During exercise these organs work together:
- Muscles
- Lungs
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Kidneys
- Nervous system
Systems Responsible for Coordination
Two major systems control coordination:
1. Neural System (Nervous System)
2. Endocrine System
Both systems work together.
Nervous System
Function
- Provides fast coordination
- Uses nerve impulses (electrical signals)
Characteristics
- Quick response
- Point-to-point communication
- Controls immediate actions
Example
- Touching hot object and removing hand quickly
Endocrine System
Function
- Provides chemical coordination
Uses
- Hormones
Characteristics
- Slower response
- Long-lasting effects
Example
- Growth
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
Difference Between Nervous and Endocrine System
| Nervous System | Endocrine System |
|---|---|
| Fast action | Slow action |
| Uses nerve impulses | Uses hormones |
| Short duration | Long duration |
| Point-to-point control | Blood carries hormones |
Synchronised Function
Both nervous and endocrine systems:
- Coordinate all body activities
- Make organs work together smoothly
- Maintain body balance
What You Will Study in This Chapter
Topics Included
- Neural system
- Human nervous system
- Neuron structure
- Central nervous system
- Nerve impulse transmission
- Synapse and impulse conduction
Important NEET Terms
Neural System
Network of nerves controlling body activities.
Neuron
Structural and functional unit of nervous system.
Nerve Impulse
Electrical signal passing through neuron.
Synapse
Junction between two neurons.
Hormone
Chemical messenger secreted by endocrine glands.
Quick Revision Points for NEET
- Coordination maintains homeostasis
- Nervous + endocrine systems control coordination
- Nervous system → fast action
- Endocrine system → slow chemical control
- Neuron = structural and functional unit
- Synapse helps in transmission of impulses
 |
| Human nervous system and endocrine coordination explained for Class 11 Biology and NEET preparation. |
Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination
CBSE Class 11 Biology Question Bank with Answers
1. Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
Q1. What is coordination?
Answer:
Coordination is the process by which different organs work together in a synchronised manner.
Q2. Define homeostasis.
Answer:
Maintenance of stable internal environment in the body is called homeostasis.
Q3. Name the systems involved in coordination.
Answer:
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
Q4. What is the structural and functional unit of nervous system?
Answer:
Neuron
Q5. What is a synapse?
Answer:
The junction between two neurons is called synapse.
Q6. Which system provides quick coordination?
Answer:
Nervous system
Q7. What are hormones?
Answer:
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.
Q8. What carries nerve impulses?
Answer:
Neurons carry nerve impulses.
Q9. Which system uses chemical coordination?
Answer:
Endocrine system
Q10. Give one example of coordination in body.
Answer:
Increase in heartbeat during exercise.
2. Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)
Q1. Differentiate between nervous system and endocrine system.
| Nervous System | Endocrine System |
|---|---|
| Fast action | Slow action |
| Uses nerve impulses | Uses hormones |
| Short duration effect | Long duration effect |
| Point-to-point control | Hormones travel through blood |
Q2. Explain coordination during physical exercise.
Answer:
During exercise:
- Muscles need more energy
- Oxygen demand increases
- Respiration rate increases
- Heart pumps blood faster
- Blood flow to muscles increases
All organs work together in coordination.
Q3. What are the functions of nervous system?
Answer:
Functions:
- Controls body activities
- Provides quick response
- Conducts nerve impulses
- Coordinates organs
Q4. Define neuron. Draw a labelled diagram.
Answer:
Neuron is the structural and functional unit of nervous system.
Main Parts:
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
Q5. Why is homeostasis important?
Answer:
Homeostasis:
- Maintains stable body conditions
- Helps proper functioning of organs
- Prevents harmful internal changes
3. Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)
Q1. Explain the role of nervous and endocrine systems in coordination.
Answer:
Nervous System
- Provides quick coordination
- Uses nerve impulses
- Point-to-point communication
- Controls immediate actions
Endocrine System
- Provides chemical coordination
- Uses hormones
- Slow but long-lasting effects
Conclusion
Both systems work together to maintain body balance and proper functioning.
Q2. Explain coordination during exercise in detail.
Answer:
When a person exercises:
- Muscles require more energy
- Oxygen demand increases
- Respiration rate increases
- Heartbeat increases
- Blood vessels supply more blood
- Kidneys and nerves adjust body functions
After exercise:
- Heartbeat becomes normal
- Respiration slows down
- Organs return to normal state
Thus, coordination helps maintain homeostasis.
4. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q1. Structural and functional unit of nervous system is:
A. Axon
B. Hormone
C. Neuron
D. Synapse
Answer:
✅ C. Neuron
Q2. Chemical coordination is controlled by:
A. Neuron
B. Nervous system
C. Endocrine system
D. Muscles
Answer:
✅ C. Endocrine system
Q3. Junction between two neurons is:
A. Axon
B. Synapse
C. Dendrite
D. Cell body
Answer:
✅ B. Synapse
Q4. Quick coordination is provided by:
A. Hormones
B. Blood
C. Nervous system
D. Kidneys
Answer:
✅ C. Nervous system
Q5. Hormones are secreted by:
A. Neurons
B. Endocrine glands
C. Muscles
D. Bones
Answer:
✅ B. Endocrine glands
5. Assertion and Reason Questions
Q1.
Assertion (A):
Nervous system provides quick coordination.
Reason (R):
Nervous system uses nerve impulses.
Answer:
✅ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q2.
Assertion (A):
Endocrine system acts slowly.
Reason (R):
Hormones travel through blood.
Answer:
✅ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q3.
Assertion (A):
Homeostasis maintains stable internal environment.
Reason (R):
Coordination among organs is necessary.
Answer:
✅ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Case Study Questions
Case Study
Rahul was running in a race. During running:
- His heartbeat increased
- Breathing became faster
- Blood flow to muscles increased
After resting, all activities returned to normal.
Questions
Q1. Which process is shown here?
Answer: Coordination
Q2. Which system controls quick response?
Answer: Nervous system
Q3. Why did breathing rate increase?
Answer: To supply more oxygen to muscles.
Q4. Which system provides chemical coordination?
Answer: Endocrine system
7. Statement Based Questions
Q1. State whether True or False.
(i) Neuron is the functional unit of nervous system.
✅ True
(ii) Hormones provide electrical coordination.
❌ False
(iii) Synapse is junction between neurons.
✅ True
(iv) Nervous system acts slowly.
❌ False
(v) Endocrine system uses hormones.
✅ True
8. Match the Columns
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| (A) Neuron | (i) Chemical messenger |
| (B) Hormone | (ii) Junction between neurons |
| (C) Synapse | (iii) Functional unit |
| (D) Endocrine system | (iv) Chemical coordination |
Answers:
- A → iii
- B → i
- C → ii
- D → iv
9. Important One-Liners for Revision
- Neuron is structural and functional unit.
- Nervous system provides quick response.
- Endocrine system uses hormones.
- Synapse connects neurons.
- Coordination maintains homeostasis.
10. HOTS Questions
Q1. Why do heartbeat and breathing increase during exercise?
Answer:
Muscles require more energy and oxygen during exercise, so heart and lungs work faster.
Q2. Why are both nervous and endocrine systems necessary?
Answer:
Nervous system provides fast control while endocrine system provides long-term regulation. Both together maintain body balance.
Internal Links
Cell Structure and Function Notes
Chemical Coordination and Integration Notes
Locomotion and Movement Notes
Biomolecules Class 11 Notes
Human Physiology Complete Notes
Nervous System MCQs for NEET
Endocrine System Revision Notes
Biology Mind Maps for Class 11
Class 11 Biology Important Questions
NEET Biology Chapterwise MCQs
Mind Map (Plain Text)
NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
│
├── Coordination
│ │
│ ├── Meaning
│ │ ├── Organs work together
│ │ ├── Functions are integrated
│ │ └── Maintains homeostasis
│ │
│ ├── Homeostasis
│ │ ├── Stable internal environment
│ │ ├── Normal temperature
│ │ ├── Proper oxygen level
│ │ └── Balanced body functions
│ │
│ └── Example → Physical Exercise
│ ├── Muscles need more energy
│ ├── Oxygen demand increases
│ ├── Respiration rate increases
│ ├── Heartbeat increases
│ ├── Blood flow increases
│ └── Organs work together
│
├── Organs Involved During Exercise
│ ├── Muscles
│ ├── Lungs
│ ├── Heart
│ ├── Blood vessels
│ ├── Kidneys
│ └── Nerves
│
├── Systems Responsible for Coordination
│ │
│ ├── Nervous System (Neural System)
│ │ ├── Fast coordination
│ │ ├── Uses nerve impulses
│ │ ├── Point-to-point communication
│ │ ├── Immediate response
│ │ └── Example:
│ │ └── Withdrawal from hot object
│ │
│ └── Endocrine System
│ ├── Chemical coordination
│ ├── Uses hormones
│ ├── Slow response
│ ├── Long-lasting effects
│ └── Controls:
│ ├── Growth
│ ├── Metabolism
│ └── Reproduction
│
├── Nervous System vs Endocrine System
│ │
│ ├── Nervous System
│ │ ├── Fast action
│ │ ├── Electrical impulses
│ │ ├── Short duration
│ │ └── Specific target organs
│ │
│ └── Endocrine System
│ ├── Slow action
│ ├── Hormonal control
│ ├── Long duration
│ └── Hormones travel through blood
│
├── Important Terms
│ │
│ ├── Neuron
│ │ └── Structural and functional unit
│ │
│ ├── Nerve Impulse
│ │ └── Electrical signal in neuron
│ │
│ ├── Synapse
│ │ └── Junction between neurons
│ │
│ └── Hormone
│ └── Chemical messenger
│
├── Main Functions
│ ├── Control body activities
│ ├── Coordinate organs
│ ├── Maintain balance
│ └── Help body respond to changes
│
└── Topics in Chapter
├── Neural system
├── Human nervous system
├── Neuron
├── Central nervous system
├── Nerve impulse transmission
└── Synapse
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